Gender Differences in Physical Activity and Health-Related Authorships Between 1950 and 2019.

BACKGROUND: The objective of this study was to investigate gender differences in authorship in physical activity and health research. METHODS: A bibliometric study including 23,399 articles from 105 countries was conducted to estimate the participation of female researchers in physical activity publications from 1950 to 2019. The frequency of female researchers was analyzed and classified by first and last authors and the overall percentage of female authors by region and country. RESULTS: The proportion of female first authors increased from <10% in the 50s and 80s to 55% in the last decade. On the other hand, the proportion of last authors increased from 8.7% to 41.1% in the same period. Most publications with female researchers were from the United States, Canada, Australia, Brazil, the Netherlands, Spain, England, Germany, Sweden, and China. Nine of these countries had over 50% of the articles published by female first authors. However, in all 10 countries, <50% of the articles were published by female last authors. CONCLUSIONS: The proportion of female researchers increased over time. However, regional differences exist and should be addressed in gender equity policies. There is a gap in the participation of female researchers as last authors. By actively addressing the gender gap in research, the global society can harness the full potential of all talented individuals, regardless of gender, leading to more inclusive and impactful scientific advancements.

Low awareness of the transitivity assumption in complex networks of interventions: a systematic survey from 721 network meta-analyses.

BACKGROUND: The transitivity assumption is the cornerstone of network meta-analysis (NMA). Violating transitivity compromises the credibility of the indirect estimates and, by extent, the estimated treatment effects of the comparisons in the network. The present study offers comprehensive empirical evidence on the completeness of reporting and evaluating transitivity in systematic reviews with multiple interventions. METHODS: We screened the datasets of two previous empirical studies, resulting in 361 systematic reviews with NMA published between January 2011 and April 2015. We updated our evidence base with an additional 360 systematic reviews with NMA published between 2016 and 2021, employing a pragmatic approach. We devised assessment criteria for reporting and evaluating transitivity using relevant methodological literature and compared their reporting frequency before and after the PRISMA-NMA statement. RESULTS: Systematic reviews published after PRISMA-NMA were more likely to provide a protocol (odds ratio (OR): 3.94, 95% CI: 2.79-5.64), pre-plan the transitivity evaluation (OR: 3.01, 95% CI: 1.54-6.23), and report the evaluation and results (OR: 2.10, 95% CI: 1.55-2.86) than those before PRISMA-NMA. However, systematic reviews after PRISMA-NMA were less likely to define transitivity (OR: 0.57, 95% CI: 0.42-0.79) and discuss the implications of transitivity (OR: 0.48, 95% CI: 0.27-0.85) than those published before PRISMA-NMA. Most systematic reviews evaluated transitivity statistically than conceptually (40% versus 12% before PRISMA-NMA, and 54% versus 11% after PRISMA-NMA), with consistency evaluation being the most preferred (34% before versus 47% after PRISMA-NMA). One in five reviews inferred the plausibility of the transitivity (22% before versus 18% after PRISMA-NMA), followed by 11% of reviews that found it difficult to judge transitivity due to insufficient data. In justifying their conclusions, reviews considered mostly the comparability of the trials (24% before versus 30% after PRISMA-NMA), followed by the consistency evaluation (23% before versus 16% after PRISMA-NMA). CONCLUSIONS: Overall, there has been a slight improvement in reporting and evaluating transitivity since releasing PRISMA-NMA, particularly in items related to the systematic review report. Nevertheless, there has been limited attention to pre-planning the transitivity evaluation and low awareness of the conceptual evaluation methods that align with the nature of the assumption.

Xylose Metabolization by a Saccharomyces cerevisiae Strain Isolated in Colombia.

Saccharomyces cerevisiae (S. cerevisiae) is the most widely used yeast in biotechnology in the world because its well-known metabolism and physiology as well as its recognized ability to ferment sugars such as hexoses. However, it does not metabolize pentoses such as arabinose and xylose, which are present in lignocellulosic biomass. Lignocellulose is a widely available raw material, with xylose content of approximately 35% of total sugars. This xylose fraction could be used to obtain high added-value chemical products such as xylitol. One of these yeasts isolated from a Colombian locality, designated as 202-3, showed interesting properties. 202-3 was identified through different approaches as a strain of S. cerevisiae, with an interesting consumption of xylose metabolizing into xylitol, in addition with excellent ability as a hexose fermenter with high ethanol yields and shows resistance to inhibitors present in lignocellulosic hydrolysates. The xylose metabolization by the 202-3 strain and their kinetics parameters had not been previously reported for any other natural strain of S. cerevisiae. These results suggest the great potential of natural strains for obtaining high value-added chemical products using sugars available in lignocellulosic biomass. Supplementary Information: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s12088-023-01054-z.

Built environment interventions and physical activity levels: A systematic review. / Intervenciones en el ambiente construido y niveles de actividad física: una revisión sistemática

INTRODUCTION: Non-communicable diseases are the leading cause of death worldwide and physical activity is a key preventive strategy to reduce them. There is a relationship between the built environment and the practice of physical activity, but little evidence as to whether those built environment interventions not initially designed for promoting physical activity actually have an impact on promoting the behavior. OBJECTIVE: To identify whether such built environment interventions were able to change physical activity in adults. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We conducted a systematic review of interventions targeting modifications to the built environment changes in urban areas. RESULTS: Out of 5,605 articles reviewed, only seven met our inclusion criteria. The seven studies found higher levels of physical activity after the interventions. CONCLUSIONS: We recommend greater specificity regarding the study design, the timeline of interventions implementation and post-intervention measurements, as well as the use of more objective measures. Finally, we point out the need to make more explicit the mechanisms of change related to the interventions assessed.

Introducción. Las enfermedades no transmisibles son la principal causa de muerte en todo el mundo y la actividad física es una estrategia preventiva clave para reducirlas. Hay una relación entre el entorno construido y la práctica de actividad física, pero poca evidencia de si las intervenciones no diseñadas en principio para promoverla, realmente tienen un impacto en ese sentido. Objetivo. Determinar si tales intervenciones en el entorno urbano pudieron cambiar la práctica de actividad física en adultos. Materiales y métodos. Se hizo una revisión sistemática de las intervenciones que apuntaban a modificar el entorno construido en zonas urbanas. Resultados. De 5.605 artículos considerados, solo siete cumplieron con nuestros criterios de inclusión y en todos ellos aumentó la actividad física después de la intervención. Conclusiones. Se recomienda que el diseño del estudio, el cronograma de implementación de las intervenciones y las mediciones posteriores sean más específicas, de manera que las medidas obtenidas sean más objetivas. Asimismo, se argumenta la necesidad de hacer más explícitos los mecanismos de cambio relacionados con las intervenciones evaluadas.

Built environment interventions and physical activity levels: A systematic review / Intervenciones en el ambiente construido y niveles de actividad física: una revisión sistemática

Introduction: Non-communicable diseases are the leading cause of death worldwide and physical activity is a key preventive strategy to reduce them. There is a relationship between the built environment and the practice of physical activity, but little evidence as to whether those built environment interventions not initially designed for promoting physical activity actually have an impact on promoting the behavior. Objective: To identify whether such built environment interventions were able to change physical activity in adults. Materials and methods: We conducted a systematic review of interventions targeting modifications to the built environment changes in urban areas. Results: Out of 5,605 articles reviewed, only seven met our inclusion criteria. The seven studies found higher levels of physical activity after the interventions. Conclusions: We recommend greater specificity regarding the study design, the timeline of interventions implementation and post-intervention measurements, as well as the use of more objective measures. Finally, we point out the need to make more explicit the mechanisms of change related to the interventions assessed.

Introducción. Las enfermedades no transmisibles son la principal causa de muerte en todo el mundo y la actividad física es una estrategia preventiva clave para reducirlas. Hay una relación entre el entorno construido y la práctica de actividad física, pero poca evidencia de si las intervenciones no diseñadas en principio para promoverla, realmente tienen un impacto en ese sentido. Objetivo. Determinar si tales intervenciones en el entorno urbano pudieron cambiar la práctica de actividad física en adultos. Materiales y métodos. Se hizo una revisión sistemática de las intervenciones que apuntaban a modificar el entorno construido en zonas urbanas. Resultados. De 5.605 artículos considerados, solo siete cumplieron con nuestros criterios de inclusión y en todos ellos aumentó la actividad física después de la intervención. Conclusiones. Se recomienda que el diseño del estudio, el cronograma de implementación de las intervenciones y las mediciones posteriores sean más específicas, de manera que las medidas obtenidas sean más objetivas. Asimismo, se argumenta la necesidad de hacer más explícitos los mecanismos de cambio relacionados con las intervenciones evaluadas.

Sex-specific adaptations to high-salt diet preserve electrolyte homeostasis with distinct sodium transporter profiles.

Kidneys continuously filter an enormous amount of sodium and adapt kidney Na+ reabsorption to match Na+ intake to maintain circulatory volume and electrolyte homeostasis. Males (M) respond to high-salt (HS) diet by translocating proximal tubule Na+/H+ exchanger isoform 3 (NHE3) to the base of the microvilli, reducing activated forms of the distal NaCl cotransporter (NCC) and epithelial Na+ channel (ENaC). Males (M) and females (F) on normal-salt (NS) diet present sex-specific profiles of "transporters" (cotransporters, channels, pumps, and claudins) along the nephron, e.g., F exhibit 40% lower NHE3 and 200% higher NCC abundance than M. We tested the hypothesis that adaptations to HS diet along the nephron will, likewise, exhibit sexual dimorphisms. C57BL/6J mice were fed for 15 days with 4% NaCl diet (HS) versus 0.26% NaCl diet (NS). On HS, M and F exhibited normal plasma [Na+] and [K+], similar urine volume, Na+, K+, and osmolal excretion rates normalized to body weight. In F, like M, HS lowered abundance of distal NCC, phosphorylated NCC, and cleaved (activated) forms of ENaC. The adaptations associated with achieving electrolyte homeostasis exhibit sex-dependent and independent mechanisms. Sex differences in baseline "transporters" abundance persist during HS diet, yet the fold changes during HS diet (normalized to NS) are similar along the distal nephron and collecting duct. Sex-dependent differences observed along the proximal tubule during HS show that female kidneys adapt differently from patterns reported in males, yet achieve and maintain fluid and electrolyte homeostasis.

Coronavirus Disease 2019 and the Case to Cover Undocumented Immigrants in California.

Latinos have been affected at higher rates in California. These include undocumented immigrants who are the largest group of Californians that remains uninsured. This population has limited access to health care services and coverage options. The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has shown that undocumented immigrants are particularly vulnerable during this outbreak as they are more likely to delay seeking medical care and lack a regular source of care. In addition, many work in essential services, have low or moderate incomes, and live in overcrowded conditions increasing their risk for exposure to COVID-19. To reduce the state's COVID-19 burden, California should expand comprehensive Medi-Cal to all eligible individuals regardless of immigration status.

Menstrual health and period poverty among young people who menstruate in the Barcelona metropolitan area (Spain): protocol of a mixed-methods study.

INTRODUCTION: The importance of menstrual health has been historically neglected, mostly due to taboos and misconceptions around menstruation and androcentrism within health knowledge and health systems around the world. There has also been a lack of attention on 'period poverty', which refers to the financial, social, cultural and political barriers to access menstrual products and education. The main aim of this research is to explore menstrual health and experiences of period poverty among young people who menstruate (YPM). METHODS AND ANALYSIS: This is a convergent mixed-methods study, which will combine a quantitative transversal study to identify the prevalence of period poverty among YPM (11-16 years old), and a qualitative study that will focus on exploring menstruation-related experiences of YPM and other groups (young people who do not menstruate (YNM); primary healthcare professionals; educators and policy-makers). The study will be conducted in the Barcelona metropolitan area between 2020 and 2021. Eighteen schools and 871 YPM will be recruited for the quantitative study. Sixty-five YPM will participate in the qualitative study. Forty-five YNM and 12 professionals will also be recruited to take part in the qualitative study. Socioeconomic and cultural diversity will be main vectors for recruitment, to ensure the findings are representative to the social and cultural context. Descriptive statistics will be performed for each variable to identify asymmetric distributions and differences among groups will be evaluated. Thematic analysis will be used for qualitative data analyses ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION: Several ethical issues have been considered, especially as this study includes the participation of underage participants. The study has received ethical approval by the IDIAPJGol Research Ethics Committee (19/178 P). Research findings will be disseminated to key audiences, such as YPM, YNM, parents/legal tutors, health professionals, educators, youth (and other relevant) organisations, general community members, stakeholders and policy-makers, and academia.

Parálisis periódica hipocalémica: reporte de caso y revisión del tema / Hypokalemic periodic paralysis: A case report and a topic review

Las parálisis periódicas primarias son canalopatías poco frecuentes, de las cuales hacen parte: la parálisis periódica hipocalémica, la parálisis periódica hipercalémica y el síndrome Andersen-Tawil; son caracterizadas por ataques de debilidad muscular generalizada, con recuperación de la fuerza entre los ataques. Presentamos el caso de una mujer de 21 años con el segundo episodio de parálisis y documentación de hipocalemia, sin antecedentes de importancia, sin factores clínicos o paraclínicos que expliquen el trastorno electrolítico, con recuperación posterior de la fuerza al realizar tratamiento de la hipocalemia. Posteriormente se lleva a cabo una revisión del tema.

Primary periodic paralyses are rare channelopathies which include: hypokalemic periodic paralysis, hyperkalemic periodic paralysis, and Andersen-Tawil Syndrome. These entities are characterized by attacks of generalized muscle weakness and recovery of muscle strength between attacks. A case is presented of a 21-year-old woman who presented a second episode of paralysis and documented hypokalemia, with no important antecedents, with no clinical or diagnostic test factors which explain her electrolyte disorder, with recovery of muscle strength after receiving treatment for hypokalemia. A review of the topic was conducted.

Sobrecarga, ansiedad y depresión en el cuidador de paciente con enfermedad cerebrovascular / Burden, anxiety and depression in the caregiver of cerebrovascular disease patients

La ocurrencia de la enfermedad cerebrovascular supone una importante carga en términos económicos y de la calidad de vida derivada para el paciente, su familia, la sociedad y los sistemas de salud, debido a su impacto global. En esta oportunidad se exponen los efectos de estos eventos, considerados catastróficos, en el cuidador del paciente, el impacto en su calidad de vida, la presencia de condiciones como depresión, ansiedad, sobrecarga y la identificación de factores de riesgo que lo hacen susceptible de presentar estas condiciones, lo cual ayudaría a implementar un manejo oportuno por parte del sistema de salud.

Given its overall impact, cerebrovascular disease entails major financial issues and affects patient's quality of life, his family, his community and the health care systems. This article describes the effects of these events, considered as catastrophic, on the caregiver and how they impact his quality of life and induce the presence of conditions such as burden, depression and anxiety. It also identifies the risk factors which make caregivers susceptible to developing these conditions, which would help the health care system to implement and provide timely caregiver support.

Cumplimiento de la capacidad tecnológica-científica en los servicios de Fisioterapia de Bucaramanga y Floridablanca / Achievement of technological and scientific capacity in Physical Therapy services of Bucaramanga and Floridablanca

Objetivo Determinar el cumplimiento de la condición de capacidad tecnológica y científica de una muestra de servicios de terapia física y respiratoria del área urbana de Floridablanca y Bucaramanga. Metodología Se realizó un estudio descriptivo, con un muestreo no probabilístico por conveniencia. La muestra la conforman cuatro instituciones prestadoras de servicios de salud del municipio de Floridablanca y tres instituciones del área urbana de Bucaramanga, a las que durante el año 2011 se les aplicaron dos encuestas para verificar el cumplimiento de los estándares de habilitación y conocer las razones por las cuales incumplen con alguno de los requisitos. Resultados En Floridablanca, tres instituciones corresponden al primer nivel de atención y una al segundo nivel de atención; los estándares con menor cumplimiento son: Seguimiento a riesgos con una mediana del puntaje de cumplimiento de 0 (Rango: 0-12); Historia Clínica asistencial con una mediana de 9,5 (Rango: 0-100) y el estándar de procesos prioritarios con una mediana de 18 (Rango: 9-27). En Bucaramanga, dos correspondían al segundo nivel de atención y una a un tercer nivel de atención. Los estándares de menor cumplimiento fueron: Medicamentos y dispositivos con 0 para una institución, Procesos prioritarios con una mediana de 60 (Rango: 0-89) e instalaciones físicas con una mediana de 73 (Rango: 64-84). Conclusiones Los resultados muestran un incumplimiento de los requisitos esenciales de habilitación, pese a que éstos son exigidos por los entes territoriales departamentales, distritales y municipales de salud.(AU)

Objective To identify the achievement of the condition of technological and scientific capacity of a sample of physical therapy and respiratory services from the urban area of Floridablanca and Bucaramanga. Methodology A descriptive study was performed with a set of samples not based on probabilities out of convenience. The sample consisted of four health service provider institutions in the town of Floridablanca and three institutions from the urban area of Bucaramanga. During the year 2011, two check lists were applied in order to verify the fulfillment of standards of habilitation and to find the reasons for their non-compliance in some of their requisites. Results Three institutions in Floridablanca belong to the first level of care and one to the second level of care; the standards with the lowest fulfillments are: Risk follow-up with a median fulfillment score of 0 (Range: 0-12); Medical Records of care with a median of 9.5 (Range: 0-100) and the standard of priority procedures with a median of 18 (Range: 9-27). In Bucaramanga, two institutions belong to the second level of care and one to the third level of care. The lowest standards in fulfillment were: Medications and devices with zero for one institution, Priority procedures with a median of 60 (Range: 0-89) and physical installations with a median of 73 (Range: 64-84). Conclusions The results show a non-compliance with the essential requisites of habilitation even though these are demanded by the territorial organizations in each health department, district, and municipality.(AU)

[Achievement of technological and scientific capacity in Physical Therapy services of Bucaramanga and Floridablanca]. / Cumplimiento de la capacidad tecnológica-científica en los servicios de Fisioterapia de Bucaramanga y Floridablanca.

Objective To identify the achievement of the condition of technological and scientific capacity of a sample of physical therapy and respiratory services from the urban area of Floridablanca and Bucaramanga. Methodology A descriptive study was performed with a set of samples not based on probabilities out of convenience. The sample consisted of four health service provider institutions in the town of Floridablanca and three institutions from the urban area of Bucaramanga. During the year 2011, two check lists were applied in order to verify the fulfillment of standards of habilitation and to find the reasons for their non-compliance in some of their requisites. Results Three institutions in Floridablanca belong to the first level of care and one to the second level of care; the standards with the lowest fulfillments are: Risk follow-up with a median fulfillment score of 0 (Range: 0-12); Medical Records of care with a median of 9.5 (Range: 0-100) and the standard of priority procedures with a median of 18 (Range: 9-27). In Bucaramanga, two institutions belong to the second level of care and one to the third level of care. The lowest standards in fulfillment were: Medications and devices with zero for one institution, Priority procedures with a median of 60 (Range: 0-89) and physical installations with a median of 73 (Range: 64-84). Conclusions The results show a non-compliance with the essential requisites of habilitation even though these are demanded by the territorial organizations in each health department, district, and municipality.

Grupos tróficosdde macroinvertebrados acuáticos en un humedal urbano andino de Colomiia / Macroinvertebrate Trophic Groups in an Andean Wetland of Colombia

En el humedal Jaboque (Bogotá, Colombia) se analizaron las condiciones físicas y químicas del agua y se estudió la comunidad de macroinvertebrados acuáticos por grupos dietarios entre abril de 2009 y enero de 2010. Las aguas del humedal presentaron un carácter ligeramente ácido con valores altos de nitratos, nitrógeno amoniacal y fósforo, por lo que este ecosistema se clasifica como eutrófico a hipereutrófico. La comunidad de macroinvertebrados acuáticos registró seis grupos alimenticios, los cuales estuvieron formados por 27 familias, 26 géneros confirmados y nueve géneros aún por confirmar, con un total de 6403 individuos recolectados en 28 muestras de macrófitas. La mayor abundancia correspondió a detritívoros (43,5 %), colectores-raspadores (31,5 %) y colectores-fragmentadores (14,1 %), los cuales fueron más abundantes en los meses de menor precipitación. Los contenidos estomacales de algunos de los organismos evidenciaron que la mayoría de estos individuos consumieron más de un tipo de alimento, además de altas cantidades de materia orgánica. El análisis de correspondencia linealizado (ACL) mostró una organización espacial (estaciones) y temporal (épocas climáticas) en la que los gremios tróficos se agrupan de acuerdo a sus requerimientos de nicho, fluctuaciones ambientales o factores de intervención humana. Las variaciones en los grupos dietarios reflejaron cambios en la comunidad de macroinvertebrados desde una perspectiva funcional e indicaron que el humedal es un sistema muy alterado por las actividades urbanas.

In the wetland Jaboque (Bogotá, Colombia) the physical and chemical properties of the water and the food dietary guilds of the aquatic macroinvertebrate community were analyzed from April 2009 to January 2010. The wetland waters had a slightly acid character with high values of nitrate, ammonia and orthophosphate, so this ecosystem is classified as eutrophic to hypereutrophic. In the aquatic macroinvertebrate community six food groups were recorded; they were conformed by 27 families, 26 confirmed genera and nine to be confirmed, with a total of 6,403 individuals collected in 28 samples of macrophytes. The highest abundances corresponded to detritivores (43.5 %), collector-scrapers (31.5 %), and collector-shredders (14.1 %), which were more abundant in the months of low rainfall. Stomach contents of some of the organisms showed that most of these individuals consumed more than one food type and high amounts of organic matter. Detrended correspondence analysis (DCA) showed a spatial (stations) and temporal (climatic seasons) organization, in which trophic guilds are grouped according to their niche requirements, environmental fluctuations or anthropogenic factors. Variations in dietary groups reflected changes in the macroinvertebrate community from a functional perspective and indicated that the wetland is very disturbed by urban activities.

Type of delivery and gestational age is not affected by pregnant Latin-American women engaging in vigorous exercise. A secondary analysis of data from a controlled randomized trial / El tipo de parto y la edad gestacional no se afectan por el ejercicio aeróbico vigoroso en mujeres gestantes latinas. Análisis secundario de un ensayo clínico

ABSTRACT Objective There is controversy concerning whether exercise during pregnancy may increase preterm delivery risk and type of delivery. The effect of pregnant Latin-American women engaging in vigorous exercise during the second and third trimester was examined regarding type of delivery and gestational age. Materials and Methods This was a secondary analysis of data from a controlled randomized trial for determining the influence of physical exercise on pregnant women's endothelial function. The study included 35 nulliparous women, gestational week 16-20 attending prenatal care at three tertiary hospitals in Colombia, who were randomly assigned to one of two groups. The experimental group engaged in aerobic exercise involving 55 % - 75 % maximum heart rate for 60 min, three times a week for 12 weeks. The control group engaged in their usual physical activity. Maternal weight, height, weight gain, blood pressure and type of delivery were recorded; gender, abdominal and head circumference (cm), weight (g), height (cm), vitality (Apgar score at 1 and 5 min) and gestational age at the time of delivery (in weeks, days) were recorded for the newborn. Results There was no difference in type of delivery by the end of the 12-week program (p>0.05), nor regarding newborn anthropometric variables, Apgar score, or maternal variables concerning weight, height, relative weight gain, blood pressure or weeks of gestation (p>0.05). Conclusion The potential public health benefits of vigorous exercise were enormous. This study support ed existing guidelines indicating that Latin-American women may begin or maintain an on-going exercise program during pregnancy. Trial registration: NCT00741312.

Objetivo Existe controversia acerca del efecto del ejercicio físico vigoroso (EFV) durante el embarazo por sus posibles consecuencias en el tipo de parto y la edad gestacional. El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar el efecto del EFV durante el segundo y tercer trimestre, en mujeres gestantes latinas sobre el tipo de parto y la edad gestacional. Materiales y Métodos Se trata de un análisis secundario de un ensayo clínico controlado en 35 gestantes, asignadas al azar en dos grupos. Grupo experimental (n=18): EFV entre el 55 % y 75 % de la FC max, por 60 min, 3 veces por sem. Por 12 sem. Grupo Control (n=17): actividad física cotidiana y control prenatal habitual. Se registraron en las maternas: peso, talla, ganancia de peso, presión arterial y tipo de parto. En el recién nacido se registró: género, perímetro cefálico y abdominal (cm), peso (g), talla (cm), semanas de gestación, vitalidad (score Apgar al 1 y 5 min), y semanas de gestación. Resultados No se encontraron diferencias estadísticamente significativas respecto al tipo de parto (p>0,05). Tampoco en las variables antropométricas del recién nacido, ni en las variables maternas: peso, talla, ganancia de peso, presión arterial o semanas de gestación (p>0,05). Conclusión Los beneficios potenciales en salud pública del efecto EFV durante la gestación son importantes y este estudio favorece que mujeres latinas puedan comenzar o mantener un programa de ejercicios durante el embarazo. Trial registration: NCT00741312.

Type of delivery and gestational age is not affected by pregnant Latin-American women engaging in vigorous exercise: a secondary analysis of data from a controlled randomized trial.

OBJECTIVE: There is controversy concerning whether exercise during pregnancy may increase preterm delivery risk and type of delivery. The effect of pregnant Latin-American women engaging in vigorous exercise during the second and third trimester was examined regarding type of delivery and gestational age. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This was a secondary analysis of data from a controlled randomized trial for determining the influence of physical exercise on pregnant women's endothelial function. The study included 35 nulliparous women, gestational week 16-20 attending prenatal care at three tertiary hospitals in Colombia, who were randomly assigned to one of two groups. The experimental group engaged in aerobic exercise involving 55 % - 75 % maximum heart rate for 60 min, three times a week for 12 weeks. The control group engaged in their usual physical activity. Maternal weight, height, weight gain, blood pressure and type of delivery were recorded; gender, abdominal and head circumference (cm), weight (g), height (cm), vitality (Apgar score at 1 and 5 min) and gestational age at the time of delivery (in weeks, days) were recorded for the newborn. RESULTS: There was no difference in type of delivery by the end of the 12-week program (p > 0.05), nor regarding newborn anthropometric variables, Apgar score, or maternal variables concerning weight, height, relative weight gain, blood pressure or weeks of gestation (p>0.05). CONCLUSION: The potential public health benefits of vigorous exercise were enormous. This study supported existing guidelines indicating that Latin-American women may begin or maintain an on-going exercise program during pregnancy. TRIAL REGISTRATION: NCT00741312.

Estructura numéiica de la entomofauna acuática n ocho quebradas del departamennto del quindío-Colomiaa / Numeric Structure Of The Aquatic Entomologic Fauna In Eight Streams Of The Departament Of Quindío-Colombia

Se realizó un estudio de la entomofauna acuática de ocho quebradas del departamento del Quindío, Colombia en La Tebaida y Calarcá. Entre agosto y diciembre de 2004 se colectaron 1917 especimenes distribuidos así: Trichoptera con 524 (la familia más abundante fue Hydropsychidae con 425), Coleoptera 421 (Elmidae con 396 individuos), Heteroptera 391, Odonata 216, seguido por Ephemeroptera, Diptera y Neuroptera. Los índices ecológicos empleados fueron la diversidad de Shannon-Wiener, la riqueza total y la equidad de Pielou, los cuales arrojaron valores altos; la similitud de Jaccard para las quebradas La Tebaida y Calarcá fue de 0,66 evidenciando pocas variaciones en la entomofauna acuática. Mediante el análisis de las variables físicas y químicas se determinó que estas quebradas presentan un buen nivel de conservación.

A study of the aquatic entomologic fauna of eight streams from department of Quindío, Colombia in La Tebaida and Calarcá was carried out. During August to December of 2004, 1917 individuals were collected: Trichoptera with 524 specimens (Hydropsychidae with 425 was the most abundant family), Coleoptera with 421 (Elmidae with 396 individuals), Heteroptera 391, Odonata 216, followed by Ephemeroptera, Diptera and Neuroptera. The ecological indexes used were the Shannon-Wiener diversity, total richness and equity of Pielou which showed high values; the similitude of Jaccard for streams La Tebaida and Calarcá was 0,66 making evident few variations. Through an analysis of the chemical and physical variables good conservation level in this streams was determined.